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:: Volume 11, Issue 3 (5-2022) ::
ieijqp 2022, 11(3): 1-18 Back to browse issues page
Optimal Adaptive Protection of Active Distribution Networks Using Optimized Selection of Standard Characteristics for Directional Overcurrent relays Considering Limits of Setting Groups’ Number
Mohammad Shamsi1 , Hamed Hashemi-Dezaki *1
1- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
Abstract:   (3171 Views)
The changes in configurations of distribution networks due to the outages of any upstream substations or distributed generations (DGs) is one of the essential challenges in the design of distribution systems. The changes in topologies of the network affect the protective schemes and might lead to coordination constraint violations in different operation modes and configurations. It is inevitable to appear some coordination constraint violation if only the base grid-connected operation mode and configuration is considered in the optimal protection settings. The adaptive protective schemes have several advantages compared to those using only one setting group, and their speed would be more desired. Although different research works have been done in the literature in adaptive protective schemes, there is a research gap about considering the limited number of setting groups for directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs), besides other aspects of active distribution networks and adaptive schemes. This research tries to fill such a research gap by proposing a new optimized adaptive protection system, considering various network configurations, by the limited number of setting groups. Since the proposed optimal settings for DOCRs are applied to a limited number of setting groups, it would be practical. Optimizing the standard relay characteristics in the proposed method is another contribution. Test results of applying the introduced method on the distribution portion of the IEEE 30-bus test system highlight the advantages of this study. Simulation results infer that 54.27% improvement in operating time of the protection system is achievable through applying the proposed method compared to available adaptive ones because of optimizing the relay characteristics.
Keywords: Active distribution networks (ADNs), Adaptive protection, Different operation modes, Different network configurations, Directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs), Optimal selection of standard, relay characteristics, Setting groups, Genetic algorithm (GA), DI
Full-Text [PDF 2529 kb]   (883 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2022/02/6 | Accepted: 2022/06/19 | Published: 2022/11/23
References
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4. [4] M. Rahimi, B. Fani, M. Moazzami, M. Dehghani, and G. Shahgholian, "An Online Free Penetration Multi-Stage Fuse Saving Protection Scheme in Distribution Systems with Photovoltaic Sources," ieijqp, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 24-35, 2020, doi: 10.29252/ieijqp.9.2.24.
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11. [11] T. Amraee, A. Ranjbar, and B. Mozaffari, "Multi-Stage Under Frequency Load Shedding Relay in Islanded Distribution Systems," ku-energy, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2-11, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://energy.kashanu.ac.ir/article-1-685-fa.html.
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14. [14] "Evaluation of effectiveness of uncertainty in communication links on the adaptive protection schemes," ieijqp, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 8-19, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://ieijqp.ir/article-1-363-fa.html.
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16. [16] A. Darabi, M. Bagheri, and G. B. Gharehpetian, "Highly reliable overcurrent protection scheme for highly meshed power systems," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 119, p. 105874, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105874.]
17. [17] H. M. Sharaf, H. H. Zeineldin, and E. El-Saadany, "Protection Coordination for Microgrids With Grid-Connected and Islanded Capabilities Using Communication Assisted Dual Setting Directional Overcurrent Relays," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 143-151, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2546961.
18. [18] A. M. Entekhabi-Nooshabadi, H. Hashemi-Dezaki, and S. A. Taher, "Optimal microgrid’s protection coordination considering N-1 contingency and optimum relay characteristics," Applied Soft Computing, vol. 98, p. 106741, 2021, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106741.]
19. [19] K. A. Saleh, H. H. Zeineldin, and E. F. El-Saadany, "Optimal Protection Coordination for Microgrids Considering N-1 Contingency," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 2270-2278, 2017, doi: 10.1109/TII.2017.2682101.
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22. [22] S.-A. Ahmadi, H. Karami, and B. Gharehpetian, "Comprehensive coordination of combined directional overcurrent and distance relays considering miscoordination reduction," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 92, pp. 42-52, 2017, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.04.008.]
23. [23] M. N. Alam, "Overcurrent protection of AC microgrids using mixed characteristic curves of relays," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 74, pp. 74-88, 2019, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.01.003.]
24. [24] A. Narimani and H. Hashemi-Dezaki, "Optimal stability-oriented protection coordination of smart grid’s directional overcurrent relays based on optimized tripping characteristics in double-inverse model using high-set relay," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 133, p. 107249, 2021, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107249.]
25. [25] H. R. E. H. Bouchekara, M. Zellagui, and M. A. Abido, "Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using a modified electromagnetic field optimization algorithm," Applied Soft Computing, vol. 54, pp. 267-283, 2017, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.asoc.2017.01.037.]
26. [26] A. Chandra and A. K. Pradhan, "Model-free angle stability assessment using wide area measurements," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 120, p. 105972, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105972.]
27. [27] J. D. Pico, D. Celeita, and G. Ramos, "Protection Coordination Analysis Under a Real-Time Architecture for Industrial Distribution Systems Based on the Std IEEE 242-2001," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 2826-2833, 2016, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2016.2538739.
28. [28] J. Andruszkiewicz, J. Lorenc, B. Staszak, A. Weychan, and B. Zięba, "Overcurrent protection against multi-phase faults in MV networks based on negative and zero sequence criteria," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 134, p. 107449, 2022, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107449.]
29. [29] S. S. Fatemi and H. Samet, "Considering DGs Voltage Protection in Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays to Minimize the Energy Not Supplied," IEEE Systems Journal, pp. 1-9, 2020, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2020.3001378.
30. [30] P. Mishra, A. K. Pradhan, and P. Bajpai, "A Positive Sequence Relaying Method for Solar Photovoltaic Integrated Distribution System," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, pp. 1-1, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3044330.
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33. [1] S. A. Jazayeri, G. Shahgholian, B. Fani, and M. Moazzami, "Hierarchical Protection Scheme Based on Multi-Agent Systems in Distributed Networks in the Presence of Distributed Generation Resources," jiaeee, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 93-106, 2021, doi: 10.52547/jiaeee.18.2.93.
34. [2] A. Mahboubkhah, V. Talavat, and M. Beiraghi, "Considering transient state in interconnected networks during fault for coordination of directional overcurrent relays," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 186, p. 106413, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106413.]
35. [3] m. ghanbari, m. gandomkar, and j. nikoukaar, "Decreasing Distribution Generation Effects on Grid Short Circuit Level Using Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Through Updating Relays Set-Points ," ieijqp, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 28-40, 2020, doi: 10.29252/ieijqp.9.328.
36. [4] M. Rahimi, B. Fani, M. Moazzami, M. Dehghani, and G. Shahgholian, "An Online Free Penetration Multi-Stage Fuse Saving Protection Scheme in Distribution Systems with Photovoltaic Sources," ieijqp, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 24-35, 2020, doi: 10.29252/ieijqp.9.2.24.
37. [5] N. El-Naily, S. M. Saad, and F. A. Mohamed, "Novel approach for optimum coordination of overcurrent relays to enhance microgrid earth fault protection scheme," Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 54, p. 102006, 2020/03/01/ 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2019.102006.]
38. [6] A. Yazdaninejadi, D. Nazarpour, and S. Golshannavaz, "Sustainable electrification in critical infrastructure: Variable characteristics for overcurrent protection considering DG stability," Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 54, p. 102022, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2020.102022.]
39. [7] M. N. Alam, B. Das, and V. Pant, "Protection coordination scheme for directional overcurrent relays considering change in network topology and OLTC tap position," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 185, p. 106395, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106395.]
40. [8] H. Kazemi Karegar and A. Abbasi, "appropriation of differential protection for optimal protection of active distribution networks under different configurations," ieijqp, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 113-121, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://ieijqp.ir/article-1-554-fa.html.
41. [9] A. Elmitwally, M. S. Kandil, E. Gouda, and A. Amer, "Mitigation of DGs Impact on Variable-Topology Meshed Network Protection System by Optimal Fault Current Limiters Considering Overcurrent Relay Coordination," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 186, p. 106417, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106417.]
42. [10] M. H. Sadeghi, A. Dastfan, and Y. Damchi, "Robust and adaptive coordination approaches for co-optimization of voltage dip and directional overcurrent relays coordination," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 129, p. 106850, 2021, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106850.]
43. [11] T. Amraee, A. Ranjbar, and B. Mozaffari, "Multi-Stage Under Frequency Load Shedding Relay in Islanded Distribution Systems," ku-energy, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2-11, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://energy.kashanu.ac.ir/article-1-685-fa.html.
44. [12] J. P. Nascimento, N. S. D. Brito, and B. A. Souza, "An adaptive overcurrent protection system applied to distribution systems," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 81, p. 106545, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.106545.]
45. [13] A. J. Urdaneta, L. G. Perez, and H. Restrepo, "Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays considering dynamic changes in the network topology," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1458-1464, 1997, doi: 10.1109/61.634161.
46. [14] "Evaluation of effectiveness of uncertainty in communication links on the adaptive protection schemes," ieijqp, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 8-19, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://ieijqp.ir/article-1-363-fa.html.
47. [15] M. N. Alam, "Adaptive Protection Coordination Scheme Using Numerical Directional Overcurrent Relays," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 64-73, 2019, doi: 10.1109/TII.2018.2834474.
48. [16] A. Darabi, M. Bagheri, and G. B. Gharehpetian, "Highly reliable overcurrent protection scheme for highly meshed power systems," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 119, p. 105874, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105874.]
49. [17] H. M. Sharaf, H. H. Zeineldin, and E. El-Saadany, "Protection Coordination for Microgrids With Grid-Connected and Islanded Capabilities Using Communication Assisted Dual Setting Directional Overcurrent Relays," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 143-151, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2016.2546961.
50. [18] A. M. Entekhabi-Nooshabadi, H. Hashemi-Dezaki, and S. A. Taher, "Optimal microgrid’s protection coordination considering N-1 contingency and optimum relay characteristics," Applied Soft Computing, vol. 98, p. 106741, 2021, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106741.]
51. [19] K. A. Saleh, H. H. Zeineldin, and E. F. El-Saadany, "Optimal Protection Coordination for Microgrids Considering N-1 Contingency," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 2270-2278, 2017, doi: 10.1109/TII.2017.2682101.
52. [20] A. Samadi and R. Mohammadi Chabanloo, "Adaptive coordination of overcurrent relays in active distribution networks based on independent change of relays’ setting groups," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 120, p. 106026, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106026.]
53. [21] T. S. Aghdam, H. K. Karegar, and H. H. Zeineldin, "Optimal Coordination of Double-Inverse Overcurrent Relays for Stable Operation of DGs," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 183-192, 2019, doi: 10.1109/TII.2018.2808264.
54. [22] S.-A. Ahmadi, H. Karami, and B. Gharehpetian, "Comprehensive coordination of combined directional overcurrent and distance relays considering miscoordination reduction," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 92, pp. 42-52, 2017, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.04.008.]
55. [23] M. N. Alam, "Overcurrent protection of AC microgrids using mixed characteristic curves of relays," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 74, pp. 74-88, 2019, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.01.003.]
56. [24] A. Narimani and H. Hashemi-Dezaki, "Optimal stability-oriented protection coordination of smart grid’s directional overcurrent relays based on optimized tripping characteristics in double-inverse model using high-set relay," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 133, p. 107249, 2021, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107249.]
57. [25] H. R. E. H. Bouchekara, M. Zellagui, and M. A. Abido, "Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using a modified electromagnetic field optimization algorithm," Applied Soft Computing, vol. 54, pp. 267-283, 2017, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.asoc.2017.01.037.]
58. [26] A. Chandra and A. K. Pradhan, "Model-free angle stability assessment using wide area measurements," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 120, p. 105972, 2020, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105972.]
59. [27] J. D. Pico, D. Celeita, and G. Ramos, "Protection Coordination Analysis Under a Real-Time Architecture for Industrial Distribution Systems Based on the Std IEEE 242-2001," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 2826-2833, 2016, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2016.2538739.
60. [28] J. Andruszkiewicz, J. Lorenc, B. Staszak, A. Weychan, and B. Zięba, "Overcurrent protection against multi-phase faults in MV networks based on negative and zero sequence criteria," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 134, p. 107449, 2022, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107449.]
61. [29] S. S. Fatemi and H. Samet, "Considering DGs Voltage Protection in Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays to Minimize the Energy Not Supplied," IEEE Systems Journal, pp. 1-9, 2020, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2020.3001378.
62. [30] P. Mishra, A. K. Pradhan, and P. Bajpai, "A Positive Sequence Relaying Method for Solar Photovoltaic Integrated Distribution System," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, pp. 1-1, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3044330.
63. [31] S. K. ElSayed and E. E. Elattar, "Hybrid Harris hawks optimization with sequential quadratic programming for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays incorporating distributed generation," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 2421-2433, 2021, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.aej.2020.12.028.]
64. [32] S. Khatua and V. Mukherjee, "Adaptive overcurrent protection scheme suitable for station blackout power supply of nuclear power plant operated through an integrated microgrid," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 192, p. 106934, 2021, doi: [DOI:10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106934.]

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Shamsi M, Hashemi-Dezaki H. Optimal Adaptive Protection of Active Distribution Networks Using Optimized Selection of Standard Characteristics for Directional Overcurrent relays Considering Limits of Setting Groups’ Number. ieijqp 2022; 11 (3) :1-18
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نشریه علمی- پژوهشی کیفیت و بهره وری صنعت برق ایران Iranian Electric Industry Journal of Quality and Productivity
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