This paper presents a single-source 13-level switched-capacitor inverter with a sixfold voltage gain, comprising 11 power switches, one diode, and three capacitors. By introducing additional switching states for capacitor charging, the proposed topology limits the maximum longest discharging period (LDP) of the main capacitors to only two consecutive voltage levels. To fully exploit this capability, a hybrid pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy based on the integration of phase-shifted PWM (PS-PWM) and level-shifted PWM (LS-PWM) is proposed. In addition to improving the capacitor charging and discharging processes, the proposed modulation strategy reduces capacitor voltage ripple, limits the charging current, and alleviates current stress on the power devices. To validate the proposed topology, its operating principles, modulation algorithm, capacitor design equations, power loss analysis, and current stress characteristics are systematically investigated. Furthermore, an extended version of the proposed topology is developed to generate a higher number of output voltage levels. The proposed inverter is also comprehensively compared with recently reported counterparts in terms of component count, voltage gain, device voltage stress, and overall performance characteristics. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed topology is capable of generating a balanced 13-level output voltage with satisfactory capacitor voltage balancing, high-quality output waveforms, and stable operation under various operating conditions, including load variations, modulation index changes, and DC input voltage fluctuations. Moreover, the results obtained for the extended topology further verify the correctness of the proposed extension methodology and confirm the scalability of the proposed approach.