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:: Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2024) ::
ieijqp 2024, 13(2): 0-0 Back to browse issues page
Enhancing Stability of Microgrid with a Novel Multi-Objective Fuzzy Controller for Integration of High Penetration Renewable Energies
Mohammad Tolou Askari *1 , Yousefali Javanighadeikolaei1 , Meysam Amirahmadi1 , Majid Babaeinik1
1- Islamic Azad university & -
Abstract:   (399 Views) 
Abstract: Frequency load management is a critical challenge in the field of engineering and power system operation. This study introduces a new approach to address this issue using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. By employing a multi-objective cost function, this method optimizes the benefits of state feedback matrix. Additionally, the proposed cost function strategically places the closed-loop system poles within a defined range to accelerate frequency stability and minimize power transfer differentials between regions. To minimize the specified cost function, an optimal teaching-learning-based optimization strategy is adopted. Furthermore, the integration of fuzzy logic techniques for combining essential objective functions is recommended. The evaluation of the proposed method involves applying the controller to a two-area power system while considering governor saturation constraints and comparing the results with those of a traditional PI controller. Simulation results emphasize the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating improvements in system features such as settling time and peak response time.

 
Keywords: Virtual Controller Design, Frequency Control, State Feedback Controller, Optimization Algorithm.
     
Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2024/05/19 | Accepted: 2024/10/6 | Published: 2025/04/6
References
1. مراجع [1] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
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3. [3] Y. H. Moon, H. S. Ryu, J. G. Lee, K. B. Song, and M. C. Shin, "Extended Integral Control for Load Frequency Control with the Consideration of Generation-Rate Constraints," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 24, 2002, pp. 263-269. [DOI:10.1016/S0142-0615(01)00036-9]
4. [4] J. Talaq and F. Al-Basri, "Adaptive fuzzy gain scheduling for load frequency control," IEEE Trans. on Power and Systems, Vol. 14, 1999, pp. 145-150. [DOI:10.1109/59.744505]
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6. [6] Z. Q. Wang and M. Sznaier, "Robust control design for load frequency control using µ-synthesis," in Southcon/94, Conference Record, Orlando, FL, USA, 1994, pp. 186-190. [DOI:10.1109/SOUTHC.1994.498097]
7. [7] A. Khodabakhshian and M. Edrisi, "A New Robust PID Load Frequency Controller," Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 16, 2008, pp. 1069-1080. [DOI:10.1016/j.conengprac.2007.12.003]
8. [8] K. Sabahi, M. A. Nekoui, M. Teshnehlab, M. Aliyari, and M. Mansouri, "Load Frequency Control in Interconnected Power System Using Modified Dynamic Neural Networks," Control & Automation, Vol. 1, 2007. [DOI:10.1109/MED.2007.4433651]
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11. [11] S. Pothiya, Issarachai Ngamroo," Optimal fuzzy logic-based PID controller for load-frequency control including superconducting magnetic energy storage units", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.49, 2008, pp. 2833-2838. [DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.03.010]
12. [12] R. Hemmati, M. S. Boroujeni, H. Delafkar, A. S. Boroujeni, "PID Controller Adjustment using PSO for Multi Area Load Frequency Control " , Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,Vol. 5, 2011, pp. 295-302.
13. [13] S.A. Taher, R. Hematti, A. Abdolalipour , H. Tabe ," Optimal Decentralized Load Frequency Control Using HPSO Algorithms in Deregulated Power Systems",American Journal of Applied Sciences,Vol. 5 , 2008, pp.1167-1174. [DOI:10.3844/ajassp.2008.1167.1174]
14. [14] R.V. Rao, V.J. Savsani, D.P. Vakharia, "Teaching-learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems", Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 303-315, 2011. [DOI:10.1016/j.cad.2010.12.015]
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17. [17] Shahidehpour, M.; Khodayar, M. Cutting Campus Energy Costs with Hierarchical Control: The Economical and Reliable Operation of a Microgrid. IEEE Electrif. Mag. 2013, 1, 40-56. [DOI:10.1109/MELE.2013.2273994]
18. [18] Che, L.; Shahidehpour, M. DC Microgrids: Economic Operation and Enhancement of Resilience by Hierarchical Control. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2014, 5, 2517-2526. [DOI:10.1109/TSG.2014.2344024]
19. [19] Hassan, M.; Aleem, S.H.E.A.; Ali, S.G.; Abdelaziz, A.Y.; Ribeiro, P.F.; Ali, Z.M. Robust Energy Management and Economic Analysis of Microgrids Considering Different Battery Characteristics. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 54751-54775. [DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2981697]
20. [20] Sidong Xian, Xu Feng, "Meerkat optimization algorithm: A new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving constrained engineering problems," Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 231, 120482, 2023. [DOI:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120482]
21. [21] Verma, P.; Gupta, P. Proactive stabilization of grid faults in DFIG based wind farm using bridge type fault current limiter based on NMPC. Energy Sources Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 2020, 1-20. [DOI:10.1080/15567036.2019.1673508]
22. [22] Mohssine, C.; Nasser, T.; Essadki, A. Contribution of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Generator based on DFIG using ADRC and RST Controllers to Frequency Regulation. Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. (IJRER) 2021, 11, 320-331.
23. [23] Ribó-Pérez, D.; Bastida-Molina, P.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; Hurtado-Pérez, E. Hybrid assessment for a hybrid microgrid: A novel methodology to critically analyse generation technologies for hybrid microgrids. Renew. Energy 2020, 157, 874-887. [DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.095]
24. [24] Sadat, S.A.; Faraji, J.; Babaei, M.; Ketabi, A. Techno-economic comparative study of hybrid microgrids in eight climate zones of Iran. Energy Sci. Eng. 2020, 8, 3004-3026. [DOI:10.1002/ese3.720]
25. [25] Borghei, M.; Ghassemi, M. Optimal planning of microgrids for resilient distribution networks. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2021, 128, 106682. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106682]
26. [26] Parol, M.; Wójtowicz, T.; Księżyk, K.; Wenge, C.; Balischewski, S.; Arendarski, B. Optimum management of power and energy in low voltage microgrids using evolutionary algorithms and energy storage. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2020, 119, 105886. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105886]
27. [27] Zhou, Q.; Shahidehpour, M.; Paaso, A.; Bahramirad, S.; Alabdulwahab, A.; Abusorrah, A. Distributed Control and Communication Strategies in Networked Microgrids. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2020, 22, 2586-2633. [DOI:10.1109/COMST.2020.3023963]
28. [28] Zhou, B.; Zou, J.; Chung, C.Y.; Wang, H.; Liu, N.; Voropai, N.; Xu, D. Multi-microgrid Energy Management Systems: Architecture, Communication, and Scheduling Strategies. J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy 2021, 9, 463-476. [DOI:10.35833/MPCE.2019.000237]
29. [29] Mohamed, N.; Aymen, F.; Ali, Z.; Zobaa, A.; Aleem, S.A. Efficient Power Management Strategy of Electric Vehicles Based Hybrid Renewable Energy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7351. [DOI:10.3390/su13137351]
30. [30] Bevrani, H.; Habibi, F.; Babahajyani, P.; Watanabe, M.; Mitani, Y. Intelligent Frequency Control in an AC Micro grid:Online PSO-Based Fuzzy Tuning Approach. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2012, 3, 1935-1944. [DOI:10.1109/TSG.2012.2196806]
31. [31] Li, X.; Song, Y.J.; Han, S.B. Frequency control in micro grid power system combined with electrolyzer system and fuzzy PI controller. J. Power Sources 2018, 180, 468-475. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.092]
32. [32] Mahmoudi, M.; Jafari, H.; Jafari, R. Frequency control of Micro-grid Using State Feedback with Integral Control. In Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Electrical Power Distribution Networks Conference (EPDC), Zahedan, Iran, 28-29 April 2015. [DOI:10.1109/EPDC.2015.7330464]
33. [33] Mauricio, J.M.; Marano, A.; Gómez-Expósito, A.; Ramos, J.L. Frequency Regulation Contribution Through Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2009, 24, 173-180. [DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2008.2009398]
34. [34] Morren, J.; de Haan, S.W.H.; Kling, W.L.; Ferreira, J.A. Wind Turbines Emulating Inertia and Supporting Primary Frequency Control. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2006, 21, 433-434. [DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2005.861956]
35. [35] Ahmadi, R.; Sheikholeslami, A.; Nabavi Niaki, A.; Ranjbar, A. Dynamic participation of doubly fed induction generator in multi-area load frequecy control. Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst. 2015, 25, 1130-1147. [DOI:10.1002/etep.1891]
36. [36] Alayi, R.; Zishan, F.; Mohkam, M.; Hoseinzadeh, S.; Memon, S.; Garcia, D. A Sustainable Energy Distribution Configuration for Microgrids Integrated to the National Grid Using Back-to-Back Converters in a Renewable Power System. Electronics 2021, 10, 1826. [DOI:10.3390/electronics10151826]
37. [37] Li, H.; Wang, X.; Xiao, J. Differential Evolution-Based Load Frequency Robust Control for Micro-Grids with Energy Storage Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 1686. [DOI:10.3390/en11071686]
38. [38] Stadler, M.; Siddiqui, A.; Marnay, C.; Aki, H.; Lai, J. Control of greenhouse gas emissions by optimal DER technology investment and energy management in zero-net-energy buildings. Eur. Trans. Electr. Power 2011, 21, 1291-1309. [DOI:10.1002/etep.418]
39. مراجع
40. [1] P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
41. [2] H. Shayeghi, H. A. Shayanfar, and A. Jalili, "Load Frequency Control Strategies: A State-of-the-Art Survey for the Researcher," Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 50, 2009, pp. 344-353. [DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.09.014]
42. [3] Y. H. Moon, H. S. Ryu, J. G. Lee, K. B. Song, and M. C. Shin, "Extended Integral Control for Load Frequency Control with the Consideration of Generation-Rate Constraints," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 24, 2002, pp. 263-269. [DOI:10.1016/S0142-0615(01)00036-9]
43. [4] J. Talaq and F. Al-Basri, "Adaptive fuzzy gain scheduling for load frequency control," IEEE Trans. on Power and Systems, Vol. 14, 1999, pp. 145-150. [DOI:10.1109/59.744505]
44. [5] M. Azzam, "Robust Automatic Generation Control," Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 40, 1999, pp. 1413-1421. [DOI:10.1016/S0196-8904(99)00040-0]
45. [6] Z. Q. Wang and M. Sznaier, "Robust control design for load frequency control using µ-synthesis," in Southcon/94, Conference Record, Orlando, FL, USA, 1994, pp. 186-190. [DOI:10.1109/SOUTHC.1994.498097]
46. [7] A. Khodabakhshian and M. Edrisi, "A New Robust PID Load Frequency Controller," Control Engineering Practice, Vol. 16, 2008, pp. 1069-1080. [DOI:10.1016/j.conengprac.2007.12.003]
47. [8] K. Sabahi, M. A. Nekoui, M. Teshnehlab, M. Aliyari, and M. Mansouri, "Load Frequency Control in Interconnected Power System Using Modified Dynamic Neural Networks," Control & Automation, Vol. 1, 2007. [DOI:10.1109/MED.2007.4433651]
48. [9] A. Y. Abdelaziz, M. A. L. Badr, and A. H. Younes, "Artificial Neural Network for Load Modeling of an Egyptian Primary Distribution System," Electric Power Components and Systems, Vol. 34, 2006, pp. 1099-1119. [DOI:10.1080/15325000600630343]
49. [10] H. Shayeghi, H. A. Shayanfar, and A. Jalili, "Multi-Stage Fuzzy PID Power System Automatic Generation Controller in Deregulated Environments," Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 47, 2006, pp. 2829-2845. [DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2006.03.031]
50. [11] S. Pothiya, Issarachai Ngamroo," Optimal fuzzy logic-based PID controller for load-frequency control including superconducting magnetic energy storage units", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.49, 2008, pp. 2833-2838. [DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2008.03.010]
51. [12] R. Hemmati, M. S. Boroujeni, H. Delafkar, A. S. Boroujeni, "PID Controller Adjustment using PSO for Multi Area Load Frequency Control " , Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,Vol. 5, 2011, pp. 295-302.
52. [13] S.A. Taher, R. Hematti, A. Abdolalipour , H. Tabe ," Optimal Decentralized Load Frequency Control Using HPSO Algorithms in Deregulated Power Systems",American Journal of Applied Sciences,Vol. 5 , 2008, pp.1167-1174. [DOI:10.3844/ajassp.2008.1167.1174]
53. [14] R.V. Rao, V.J. Savsani, D.P. Vakharia, "Teaching-learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems", Computer-Aided Design, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 303-315, 2011. [DOI:10.1016/j.cad.2010.12.015]
54. [15] Hassan, M.A.M.; Worku, M.Y.; Abido, M.A. Optimal Design and Real Time Implementation of Autonomous Microgrid Including Active Load. Energies 2018, 11, 1109 [DOI:10.3390/en11051109]
55. [16] Lidula, A.N.W.; Rajapakse, A. Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2011, 15, 186-202. [DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2010.09.041]
56. [17] Shahidehpour, M.; Khodayar, M. Cutting Campus Energy Costs with Hierarchical Control: The Economical and Reliable Operation of a Microgrid. IEEE Electrif. Mag. 2013, 1, 40-56. [DOI:10.1109/MELE.2013.2273994]
57. [18] Che, L.; Shahidehpour, M. DC Microgrids: Economic Operation and Enhancement of Resilience by Hierarchical Control. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2014, 5, 2517-2526. [DOI:10.1109/TSG.2014.2344024]
58. [19] Hassan, M.; Aleem, S.H.E.A.; Ali, S.G.; Abdelaziz, A.Y.; Ribeiro, P.F.; Ali, Z.M. Robust Energy Management and Economic Analysis of Microgrids Considering Different Battery Characteristics. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 54751-54775. [DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2981697]
59. [20] Sidong Xian, Xu Feng, "Meerkat optimization algorithm: A new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving constrained engineering problems," Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 231, 120482, 2023. [DOI:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120482]
60. [21] Verma, P.; Gupta, P. Proactive stabilization of grid faults in DFIG based wind farm using bridge type fault current limiter based on NMPC. Energy Sources Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff. 2020, 1-20. [DOI:10.1080/15567036.2019.1673508]
61. [22] Mohssine, C.; Nasser, T.; Essadki, A. Contribution of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Generator based on DFIG using ADRC and RST Controllers to Frequency Regulation. Int. J. Renew. Energy Res. (IJRER) 2021, 11, 320-331.
62. [23] Ribó-Pérez, D.; Bastida-Molina, P.; Gómez-Navarro, T.; Hurtado-Pérez, E. Hybrid assessment for a hybrid microgrid: A novel methodology to critically analyse generation technologies for hybrid microgrids. Renew. Energy 2020, 157, 874-887. [DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.095]
63. [24] Sadat, S.A.; Faraji, J.; Babaei, M.; Ketabi, A. Techno-economic comparative study of hybrid microgrids in eight climate zones of Iran. Energy Sci. Eng. 2020, 8, 3004-3026. [DOI:10.1002/ese3.720]
64. [25] Borghei, M.; Ghassemi, M. Optimal planning of microgrids for resilient distribution networks. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2021, 128, 106682. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106682]
65. [26] Parol, M.; Wójtowicz, T.; Księżyk, K.; Wenge, C.; Balischewski, S.; Arendarski, B. Optimum management of power and energy in low voltage microgrids using evolutionary algorithms and energy storage. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2020, 119, 105886. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105886]
66. [27] Zhou, Q.; Shahidehpour, M.; Paaso, A.; Bahramirad, S.; Alabdulwahab, A.; Abusorrah, A. Distributed Control and Communication Strategies in Networked Microgrids. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 2020, 22, 2586-2633. [DOI:10.1109/COMST.2020.3023963]
67. [28] Zhou, B.; Zou, J.; Chung, C.Y.; Wang, H.; Liu, N.; Voropai, N.; Xu, D. Multi-microgrid Energy Management Systems: Architecture, Communication, and Scheduling Strategies. J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy 2021, 9, 463-476. [DOI:10.35833/MPCE.2019.000237]
68. [29] Mohamed, N.; Aymen, F.; Ali, Z.; Zobaa, A.; Aleem, S.A. Efficient Power Management Strategy of Electric Vehicles Based Hybrid Renewable Energy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7351. [DOI:10.3390/su13137351]
69. [30] Bevrani, H.; Habibi, F.; Babahajyani, P.; Watanabe, M.; Mitani, Y. Intelligent Frequency Control in an AC Micro grid:Online PSO-Based Fuzzy Tuning Approach. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2012, 3, 1935-1944. [DOI:10.1109/TSG.2012.2196806]
70. [31] Li, X.; Song, Y.J.; Han, S.B. Frequency control in micro grid power system combined with electrolyzer system and fuzzy PI controller. J. Power Sources 2018, 180, 468-475. [DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.01.092]
71. [32] Mahmoudi, M.; Jafari, H.; Jafari, R. Frequency control of Micro-grid Using State Feedback with Integral Control. In Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Electrical Power Distribution Networks Conference (EPDC), Zahedan, Iran, 28-29 April 2015. [DOI:10.1109/EPDC.2015.7330464]
72. [33] Mauricio, J.M.; Marano, A.; Gómez-Expósito, A.; Ramos, J.L. Frequency Regulation Contribution Through Variable-Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2009, 24, 173-180. [DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2008.2009398]
73. [34] Morren, J.; de Haan, S.W.H.; Kling, W.L.; Ferreira, J.A. Wind Turbines Emulating Inertia and Supporting Primary Frequency Control. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 2006, 21, 433-434. [DOI:10.1109/TPWRS.2005.861956]
74. [35] Ahmadi, R.; Sheikholeslami, A.; Nabavi Niaki, A.; Ranjbar, A. Dynamic participation of doubly fed induction generator in multi-area load frequecy control. Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst. 2015, 25, 1130-1147. [DOI:10.1002/etep.1891]
75. [36] Alayi, R.; Zishan, F.; Mohkam, M.; Hoseinzadeh, S.; Memon, S.; Garcia, D. A Sustainable Energy Distribution Configuration for Microgrids Integrated to the National Grid Using Back-to-Back Converters in a Renewable Power System. Electronics 2021, 10, 1826. [DOI:10.3390/electronics10151826]
76. [37] Li, H.; Wang, X.; Xiao, J. Differential Evolution-Based Load Frequency Robust Control for Micro-Grids with Energy Storage Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 1686. [DOI:10.3390/en11071686]
77. [38] Stadler, M.; Siddiqui, A.; Marnay, C.; Aki, H.; Lai, J. Control of greenhouse gas emissions by optimal DER technology investment and energy management in zero-net-energy buildings. Eur. Trans. Electr. Power 2011, 21, 1291-1309. [DOI:10.1002/etep.418]

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Tolou Askari M, Javanighadeikolaei Y, Amirahmadi M, Babaeinik M. Enhancing Stability of Microgrid with a Novel Multi-Objective Fuzzy Controller for Integration of High Penetration Renewable Energies. ieijqp 2024; 13 (2)
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Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2024) Back to browse issues page
نشریه علمی- پژوهشی کیفیت و بهره وری صنعت برق ایران Iranian Electric Industry Journal of Quality and Productivity
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